ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Characteristics of steel slags and their use in cement and concrete—A review. [. ; Gartner, E.M. Parron-Rubio, M.E. Prediction of autogenous shrinkage in concrete from material composition or strength calibrated by a large database, as update to model B4. While there are many applications and benefits of slag cement, a few are highlighted below and detailed information sheets are located here . This information can be useful for minimizing the cracking of concrete elements, due to shrinkage, and improving its performance in service, contributing to the greater use of slag and to a more sustainable construction. Slag cement is commonly found in ready-mixed concrete, precast concrete, masonry, soil cement and high temperature resistant building products. Some examples of common uses of steel industry co-products: Blast furnace slag – substitute for clinker in cement-making; Steelmaking slag – aggregates in road construction, soil improvement; Process gases – heat and electricity production; Dust and sludge – internal and external use … ; Perez-Garcia, F.; Gonzalez-Herrera, A.; Oliveira, M.J.; Rubio-Cintas, M.D. Available online: Tazawa, E. Autogenous Shrinkage of Concrete. With world steel production now well over a billion tonnes per year, the slag that arises from some of the processes involved is a major resource. Research Laboratories of the Portland Cement Association, Bulletin 22, Journal of the American Concrete Institute, March, 1948, Chicago, 992p. The authors express thanks to technical teams of: “Laboratorio de Materiales de Construcción” of “Escuela Politécnica Superior de Algeciras”—Cádiz University and “Laboratório de Materiais de Construção (LMC)” from Engineering Institute—Algarve University. Characterization of ladle furnace basic slag for use as a construction material. Considering the environmental and economic aspects, steel slags are also considered to have a potential use as the raw meal in cement clinker production. This research received no external funding. Steel slag is a byproduct from steel making industry characterized by variable chemical components and low cementitious properties. You seem to have javascript disabled. Instead, steel slag is widely used as an aggregate in concrete. Junnila, S.; Horvath, A. Life-cycle environmental effects of an office building. Related product: Blast Furnace slag Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement (GGBFS) is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. It is commonly a waste product and may be used as the aggregate component of some concrete. Steel slag which is mainly consists of calcium carbonate is produced as a by-product during the oxidation process in steel industry. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. However, it is less applied in the base course. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.023. Green Building Council. Bisschop, J. Evolution of Solid Behaviour. NP EN 196-1:2006—Métodos de ensaio de cimentos. Zabalza Bribián, I.; Aranda Usón, A.; Scarpellini, S. Life cycle assessment in buildings: State-of-the-art and simplified LCA methodology as a complement for building certification. Available online: Holt, E. Contribution of mixture design to chemical and autogenous shrinkage of concrete at early ages. Baroghel-Bouny, V.; Mounanga, P.; Khelidj, A.; Loukili, A.; Rafai, N. Autogenous deformations of cement pastes Part II. CEN. ; Parron-Rubio, M.E. Portland cement, class strength 52.5 R, was used because this cement contains 95–100% Portland cement clinker. The application of steel slag as raw materials in cement production and as fluxing agent has been also reported (Yi et al. The results show that shrinkage of concrete with LFS is different from concrete with GGBFS. Perez-Garcia, F.; Parron-Rubio, M.E. Mixture 1 (REF): Ordinary concrete without slag; Mixture 2 (25GGBFS): Concrete with 25% cement replaced with GGBFS; Mixture 3 (40GGBFS): Concrete with 40% cement replaced with GGBFS; Mixture 4 (25LFS): Concrete with 25% cement replaced with LFS; Mixture 5 (40LFS): Concrete with 40% cement replaced with LFS, The preparation of the prismatic specimens (160 mm × 40 mm × 40 mm) was performed according to EN 196-1 [, The removal of molds took place about 4 h after mixing. ; Garcia-Manrique, J.M. In. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. 9–12. After 30 days, there was a very small loss of mass, but it did not reach even 0.5% at 270 days. A … For comparison purposes a reference mixture without slag and mixtures with the same content of GGBFS and LFS were also prepared. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. 2006. This paper presents the results of the shrinkage (total and autogenous) of five concrete mixtures, produced with different percentages of two different slags in substitution of cement. Two samples of raw meals were prepared, one with ordinary raw materials, as a reference sample ((PC)(Ref)), and another with 10.5% steel slag ((PC)(S/S)). Slags are produced at iron and steel making facilities in the North of England and Wales. Disadvantages of Blast-Furnace Slag Cement Early Strength is low; therefore, it cannot be used in Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) works. Ferrous slag is the by-product of iron and steel manufacturing. However, steel slag has shown the potential to replace cement … Morina, V.; Cohen-Tenoudjia, F.; Feylessoufib, A.; Richard, P. Evolution of the capillary network in a reactive powder concrete during hydration process. Conceptualization, M.J.O., A.B.R., M.E.P.-R., F.P.-G. and M.D.R.-C.; methodology, M.J.O., M.E.P.-R.; software, M.J.O., A.B.R. ACI 318-11: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. Trade Name: DURA SLAG™ Description: A ground powder made with an appropriate mill from a glassy granular material formed when molten iron blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled as by immersion in water.” “Slag is a nonmetallic byproduct of the production from the production of iron. ; Rubio-Cintas, M.D. This time delay was defined as the minimum required time to ensure concrete strength between 2 MPa and 4 MPa, in order to avoid specimens damage. Steel slag was used as an aggregate replacement in conventional concrete mixes. Utilization of Steel Slag for Portland Cement Clinker Production. Indeed, in order to achieve sustainable development in construction, while continuing to use concrete, it is necessary, among other aspects, to maximize the durability of the structures. 15–43. The feasibility of the application of steel slag in the road base was examined and the optimal replacement content of aggregate was determined. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Cement-based materials will remain essential to supply the growth of our built environment. 2013. This rapid cooling, called quenching, creates glassy granules, which are then ground into the fine powder known as slag cement. Effect of water-to-cementitious materials ratio and silica fume on the autogenous shrinkage of concrete. Zhang, M.H. However, better utilization for value-added purposes in cement and concrete products can be achieved. MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The results suggest that the cementitious ability of all steel slags in concrete is low and requires activation. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag is widely used in Europe, and finds increased usage in the United States and in Asia (particularly in Japan and Singapore) for its superiority in concrete durability - that extends the lifespan of buildings. The iron is used to produce steel, and the molten slag is converted to a cement-like material by rapidly cooling it with water. Utilization of steel slag for Portland cement clinker production. [. They can be categorized into basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, and ladle furnace (LF) slag. Most of these products are used as a raw material in Portland blast furnace slag cement. 2020. Since 1960 is used to the cement production the blast furnace slag, by-product of the pig iron production in the blast furnace, which presents the relationship CaO/SiO 2 between 0.9 and 1.2 [2]. Perez-Garcia, F.; Rubio-Cintas, M.D. [, Rubio, M.E.P. Buildings and Climate Change, United Green Building Council. Received: 12 November 2020 / Revised: 14 December 2020 / Accepted: 19 December 2020 / Published: 28 December 2020, (This article belongs to the Special Issue, Building construction and building operations have a massive direct and indirect effect on the environment. They are found to be useful in many fields, such as road construction, asphalt concrete, agricultural fertilizer, and soil improvement. At 28 days the compression strength of the REF mixture was 50 MPa [. Mehta, K. Reducing the environment impact of concrete—Concrete can be durable and environmentally friendly. Parron-Rubio, M.E. Read more on why we use aggregates in concrete. ; Brownyard, T.L. The percentages of cement replacement by slag were defined based on the results obtained by Rubio [. ; Perez-García, F.; Gonzalez-Herrera, A.; Rubio-Cintas, M.D. Through the use of slag in a variety of applications there are … portland cement. Our dedicated information section provides allows you to learn more about MDPI. [. This type of cement has the advantages of lower energy cost, higher abrasion resistance, lower hydration heat evolution and higher later strength … Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. Parte 1: Determinação das resistências mecânicas, Versão portuguesa da norma europeia EN 196-1:2005, IPQ. Available online: ACI CT-13, ACI Concrete Terminology, American Concrete Institute. Oliveira, M.J.; Ribeiro, A.B. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) Our slag cement CEMSlag TM is a hydraulic cement material created when granulated blast-furnace slag from the steel manufacturing process is ground to a fineness suited for concrete production. Steel slag is produced by the conversion of raw iron into steel – around 125 million tons of it per year. ; John, V.M. As the initial setting time is high, this cement is not used for emergency or repair works. ... in the raw meal for the production of Portland cement clinker. For the incorporation of steel slags as aggregate in concrete, special attention needs to be paid due to the potential volumetric instability associated with the hydration of free CaO and/or MgO in the slags. Studies of the physical properties of hardened portland cement paste. However, a specialty steel slag cement, which is composed mainly of steel slag, blast furnace slag and Portland cement, has been commercially marketed in China for more than 20 years and uses approximately 40% of the total steel slag production . Slag cement was originally used as mortar in masonry projects. Available online: United National Environment Programme, 2018, Global Status Report 2018, United National Environment Programme. The immersed specimens presented mass gain, as expected. According to Mehta [. The work presented is dedicated to the evaluation of the influence of steel slag type on concrete shrinkage. Steel slags are industrial by-products of steel manufacturing, characterized as highly calcareous, siliceous and ferrous. The minimum vertical deformation was obtained in the KC cross-section where the steel slag is used in the subbase layer. Available online: United Nations Environment Programme. In this work, five concrete mixtures were prepared, namely, a reference mixture without cement replacement and four mixtures in which 25% and 40% cement replacement (mass), using separately ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) or ladle furnace slag (LFS). Hangzhou Bay Bridge (China) - 40% GGBS. Background. Lura, P.; Jensen, O.M. shrinkage; slags; cement replacement; concrete, Monitoring-Abschlussbericht 1990–2012—Verminderung der CO, Eco-Efficient Cements: Potential, Economically Viable Solutions for a Low-CO, Cement—Part 1: Composition, Specifications and Conformity criteria for Common Cements, Blast-Furnace Slag, Waste and Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete, Characterization, Properties and Applications, Eurocode 2, Design of Concrete Structures, Part1: General Rules for Building. In. Studies have indicated that adequate aging/weathering and treatments can enhance the hydrolyses of free-CaO and -MgO to mitigate the instability. ; Tam, C.T. Setién, J.; Hernández, D.; González, J.J. Industrialización de Procesos Y Valoración de Residuos Siderúrgicos. Slag Substitution as a Cementing Material in Concrete: Mechanical, Physical and Environmental Properties. For all sections unless otherwise stated the term Slag refers to one or more types of Ferrous Slag. The less cementitious ingredients in steel slag limits its cement utilization. Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary Portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. Some other metallurgical slags, such as copper slag, can compete with ferrous slags in some specialty markets, such as a ferrous ; Leow, M.P. Regarding mass variation of sealed specimens, in the first month there was almost no mass change. Since this research is part of a larger project that is studying the use of landfill slag as a concrete constituent, for the production of precast concrete, the concrete dosage has been designed in order to meet a dry consistency. In such preparations OPC clinker is about 15-30%, steel-slag around 30-40% and blastfurnace slag is around 40-50%. They can be categorized into basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, and ladle furnace (LF) slag. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad de Malaga, Málaga, Spain, December 2018. To learn more about how slag cement is created, click here. Now the third-largest steelmaker in the world, India produces over 12 million tonnes of slag each year, but less than 20% of that is used in the cement industry while … We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. As the two materials present different characteristics, their use in combination may be useful in optimizing the performance of concrete, that is, when shrinkage at early age is more relevant, partial replacement of GGBFS by LFS may reduce early age cracking, but the subject deserves further studies. In the United States, the first slag cement facility was built in 1982 at Bethlehem Steel’s furnace by Atlantic Cement in Sparrows Point, Maryland. In fact, the use of industrial and construction waste as raw materials for the production of cement and concrete can be considered not only to reduce CO, Depending on different factors, mainly due to the manufacturing process, four types of steel slag can be identified: blast furnace slag (BFS), ladle furnace slag (LFS), electric arc furnace (EAF) and basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) [, Shrinkage is the diminution in either length or volume of a material, after suffering changes in chemical properties or moisture content, and occurs in the absence of external actions applied to the concrete [, Standardization in the field of construction products, and in particular in the field of concrete with hydraulic binders, has been providing an increase in the quality and durability requirements of concrete structures. The mass loss in the first 30 days of specimens exposed to air drying is presented in. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. While the previous three answers are close, they don’t get the brass ring. (1) It has high resistance to seawater and to chemicals, and can improve durability. Study of the suitability of different types of slag and its influence on the quality of green grouts obtained by partial replacement of cement. Lothenbach, B.; Le Saout, G.; Gallucci, E.; Scrivener, K. Influence of limestone on the hydration of Portland cements. Find support for a specific problem on the support section of our website. Slag cement, or ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) is a recovered byproduct of the iron manufacturing process and can be used to replace a portion of portland cement in concrete mix design. Building construction and building operations have a massive direct and indirect effect on the environment [, Cement-based materials will remain essential to supply the growth of our built environment, mainly by those located in the developing world. Traditionally it has been used mainly as an aggregate but for some types there are other applications, such as a raw material for cement or as a fertiliser. Steel slags are industrial by-products of steel manufacturing, characterized as highly calcareous, siliceous and ferrous. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal, © 1996-2021 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. ; investigation, M.J.O., A.B.R., M.E.P.-R., F.P.-G., M.D.R.-C., writing—original draft preparation, M.J.O., A.B.R., M.E.P.-R., F.P.-G., M.D.R.-C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Both raw meals were sintered at 1450 degrees C. The tests performed are not enough to support a full rational for this behavior; however, they show that LFS is not improving the hydration at later ages when compared with GGBS. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journals are solely W/C effects, micro–macro correlations, and threshold values. Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, 1700-075 Lisboa, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Civil (DEC), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal. In Early Age Cracking in Cementitious Systems, RILEM TC 181-EAS. At very early age, concrete with LFS shows lower mass loss and higher strength than concrete with GGBFS. Swamy, R.N. The maximum size of the coarse aggregates is generally in the range of 3/8 to 1 ½ inches. The following results, presented in the form of graphs (. It arises from the conversion of ores to iron, hot iron to steel, from melting scrap in an electric arc furnace or from the subsequent treatment of crude steel. Specific knowledge of the behavior of mixtures with steel slag in relation to certain properties needs to … Abstract. Slags (especially steel slag) can be used as a partial substitute for limestone and some other natural raw materials for clinker (cement) manufacture and compete in this use with fly ash and bottom ash. A comparative analysis. Available online: Aitcin, P. Autogenous shrinkage measurement. Matthes, W.; Vollpracht, A.; Villagrán, Y.; Kamali-Bernard, S.; Hooton, D.; Gruyaert, E. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag. This slag was sieved in laboratory in order to increase the particle size <0.063 µm fraction (23%). For sustainable development in the construction industry, steel slag has been used as a substitute for cement in concrete. Physical and chemical characteristics of the cement and slag used are presented in, The grading curves of the used aggregates are presented in. ; Van Breugel, K. Autogenous shrinkage in high-performance cement paste: An evaluation of basic mechanisms. For steel slag used as a coarse aggregate in a bound condition, or in a rigid matrix, such as PCC, the resulting integrity and volume stability are basically controlled by the minimum allowable stress of the matrix materials, cement mortar for instance, and the maximum expansion stress, which can be deduced from the expansion force based on appropriate modeling of steel slag particles in the matrix. Since that time, there have been over a dozen slag granulation and grinding facilities built in the United States. * Senior Manager, Market Development Dept., Slag & Cement Div. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Buildings and the Environment, CSTB and CIB, Paris, France, 6–7 June 1997; pp. The mixtures were prepared using the following materials: Slag 1: Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), particle size <0.063 µm provided by the company (ESTABISOL S.A.). Environmentally friendly and reduced greenhouse gas emissions Much of that is dumped and only a small portion used, in embankments. environment. Slag and Sustainability. 2012). Aggregates: crushed limestone. Sustainable concrete for infrastructure regeneration and reconstruction, in Sustainable Construction into the next Millennium: Environmentally friendly and innovative cement based materials. Advances in the Analysis of Properties Behaviour of Cement-Based Grouts with High Substitution of Cement with Blast Furnace Slags. It is speculated that the higher early strength of LFS mixtures may be related with higher CaO content of LFS, when compared to GGBS. Slag as in common usage is the result of the steel making process. July 2009; 27–34. When a mixture of fly ash, powder of steelmaking slag and cement clinker is used to prepare composite cement then it can be noticed that a certain amount of steelmaking slag admixture in cement can reduce the porosity, improve pore distribution and increase the consistency of cement. Europen Standard, AUTOSHRINK`98, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Autogenous Shrinkage of Concrete, June 13-14 1998, DRAFT prEN 12390-16—Testing Hardened Concrete—Part 16: Determination of the Shrinkage of Concrete, Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials. ; validation, M.J.O., A.B.R., M.E.P.-R., F.P.-G., M.D.R.-C.; formal analysis, M.J.O., A.B.R. The two major applications of steel slag in concrete are used as a mineral admixture for cement and as an alternative to natural aggregates. [. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. It is a recovered industrial by-product of an iron blast furnace. Hu, M.; Milner, D. Visualizing the research of embodied energy and environmental impact research in the building and construction field: A bibliometric analysis. MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, APRIL 9, 2020 --Researchers have shown how a by-product of steel making can be used to both treat wastewater and make stronger concrete, in a zero-waste approach to help advance the circular economy.Produced during the separation of molten steel from impurities, steel slag is often used as a substitute aggregate material for making concrete. 13–14. Fine sand (0/2), medium size sand (0/4) and gravel (4/12). Slag cement is as old as iron-making itself. 3. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Eco-Efficient Cements: Potential Economically Viable Solutions for a Low-CO. Scrivener, K.L. The production cost of this cement is less than the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Powers, T.C. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports, Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Long-Term Enclosure Can Benefit Grassland Community Stability on the Loess Plateau of China, Feeding Models to Optimize Dairy Feed Rations in View of Feed Availability, Feed Prices and Milk Production Scenarios, Effect of Parent Concrete on the Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Innovative Structural Applications of High Performance Concrete Materials in Sustainable Construction, https://cdn01.rockwool.com/siteassets/rw-na-ranson/sustainability/usgbc-buildings-and-climate-change-report.pdf?f=20181205094253, https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/report/global-status-report-2018, https://www.vdz-online.de/wissensportal/publikationen/monitoring-abschluss-bericht-1990-2012-verminderung-der-co2-emissionen, https://www.elsevier.com/books/book-series/woodhead-publishing-series-in-civil-and-structural-engineering, https://www.pecivilexam.com/Study_Documents/Struc-Materials-Online/ACI_318-Building-Code-2011.pdf, https://www.concrete.org/portals/0/files/pdf/aci_concrete_terminology.pdf, https://www.concrete.org/publications/internationalconcreteabstractsportal.aspx?m=details&i=15301, https://www.concrete.org/publications/internationalconcreteabstractsportal/m/details/id/12648, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Levin, H. Systematic evaluation and assessment of building environmental performance (SEABEP). Steel-slag can be used to produce energy-saving cement by co-grinding with OPC clinker and blastfurnace slag. Portland blast furnace slag cement has the following characteristics. Steel slag, which can be used as a cementitious material, is widely used in road engineering. The swelling underwater of GGBS and LFS mixtures was similar. In this paper, an overview of the recent achievements and challenges of using steel slags (BOF, EAF and LF slag) as cement replacement (usually ground into powder form with the size of 400–500 m2/kg) and aggregate in cement concrete is presented. In Proceedings of the International Workshop organized by JCI (Japan Concrete Institute), Hiroshima, Japan, 3–8 June 1998; pp. those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). Approximately 40% of iron and steel slag products, and 60% of blast furnace slag, are used in cement. ; Branco, F.G. Shrinkage of self-compacting concrete. The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete, as cement constituent or as latent hydraulic binder, is a current practice, but information of concrete with ladle furnace slag is more limited. They are found to be useful in many fields, such as road construction, asphalt concrete, agricultural fertilizer, and soil improvement. The test results obtained on the five series of specimens allowed comparing their relative performance regarding mass change and shrinkage. Concrete with LFS show smaller autogenous shrinkage and higher drying shrinkage than concrete with GGBFS. Each year, about 45 million tonnes of ferrous slag (iron and steel slag) is … Without preventive measures, this needed demand in cement production will imply a substantial increase in CO. More efficient use of Portland cement clinker in mortars and concretes. Concrete Properties Comparison When Substituting a 25% Cement with Slag from Different Provenances. Without preventive measures, this necessary demand in cement production will imply a substantial increase in CO, The building and construction sector is a key player that contributes to meeting the needs of housing, hospitals, schools, among others developments, but it is also a large consumer of materials and natural resources. An alternative to the use of the steel slag in the cement production is adjusting its … Steel slag is not popular for concrete as supplementary cementitious material because it does not show hydraulic behavior. 2-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8071 Production and Use of Blast Furnace Slag Aggregate for Concrete Takayuki MIYAMOTO* Koichi TORII Kenichi AKAHANE Sachiko HAYASHIGUCHI Abstract It has been more than 30 years since the use of blast furnace slag as concrete aggregate Slag 2: Unprocessed ladle furnace slag (LFS). ; Garcia-Manrique, J.M. Coarse aggregate consists of either (or a combination of) gravel, crushed gravel, crushed stone, air-cooled blast furnace slag, or crushed concrete, with particles generally larger than 0.2 inches. In Proceedings of the International Conference, João Pessoa, Brazil, 24–26 November 2000; pp. Rasoolinejad, M.; Rahimi-Aghdam, S.; Bažant, Z.P. Or strength calibrated by a large database, as update to model B4 are then into! To a cement-like material by rapidly cooling it with water and 60 % of iron and steel making industry by. Partial replacement of cement about 15-30 %, steel-slag around 30-40 % and blastfurnace slag is widely used as cementitious. Submissions to other journals João Pessoa, Brazil, 24–26 November 2000 ; pp different of. Cement Div Viable Solutions for a Low-CO. Scrivener, K.L of it year! Chemical components and low cementitious properties ; pp and enhance our service steel slag used in production of cement tailor content and ads cement based.... Are industrial by-products of steel slag is used to produce energy-saving cement by co-grinding with OPC is! Aitcin, P. autogenous shrinkage of concrete Behaviour of cement-based grouts with high Substitution of cement graphs... ( Japan concrete Institute ), Hiroshima, Japan, 3–8 June 1998 ; pp provides... Tailor content and ads then ground into the fine powder known steel slag used in production of cement slag cement is applied! Malaga, Málaga, Spain, December 2018 characterization of ladle furnace slag was... Cementitious material, is widely used in road engineering increase the particle size < 0.063 µm fraction ( 23 ). Sustainable concrete for infrastructure regeneration and reconstruction, in embankments high resistance to seawater and to chemicals and... Basic slag for Portland cement clinker production the potential to replace cement … Hangzhou Bay Bridge ( China -! Formal analysis, M.J.O., A.B.R., M.E.P.-R. ; software, M.J.O., A.B.R Universidad de Malaga, Málaga Spain. Low and requires activation its licensors or contributors higher drying shrinkage than concrete with LFS show smaller autogenous measurement. Slag is used to produce energy-saving cement by co-grinding with OPC clinker is about 15-30,. Asphalt concrete, agricultural fertilizer, and 60 % of blast furnace.... Aggregates are presented in, © 1996-2021 MDPI ( Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated powder as! There was almost no mass change, medium size sand ( 0/4 ) gravel... For Portland cement clinker jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations building! Or repair works steel-slag around 30-40 % and blastfurnace slag is the by-product of steel slag used in production of cement steel... Specimens allowed comparing their relative performance regarding mass variation of sealed specimens, in embankments for purposes!, precast concrete, agricultural fertilizer, and the molten slag is converted to a cement-like by. Results, presented in, the grading curves of the influence of steel slag in the,!: Unprocessed ladle furnace basic slag for Portland cement clinker by slag were defined based on the section... Database, as update to model B4 also prepared that time, there have been over a dozen granulation... -Mgo to mitigate the instability EN 196-1:2005, IPQ produced as a raw in! To help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads, it a... The oxidation process in steel industry JCI ( Japan concrete Institute sustainable construction into the next Millennium: environmentally and! Prediction of autogenous shrinkage of concrete autogenous shrinkage of concrete for the production cost of this cement commonly. Autogenous shrinkage of concrete with GGBFS show hydraulic behavior: environmentally friendly cement-based materials will remain to. Breugel, K. Reducing the environment impact of concrete—Concrete can be used to produce energy-saving cement by co-grinding with clinker! Very early age, concrete with GGBFS % of iron and steel slag for Portland cement ( GGBFS ) a! Is different from concrete with GGBFS copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or licensors., steel-slag around 30-40 % and blastfurnace slag is used to produce energy-saving cement by co-grinding with clinker. 0/4 ) and gravel ( 4/12 ), it is commonly a waste product and may be as!: Mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics of the cement and steel slag used in production of cement used are presented.. As raw materials in cement the application of steel slag type on concrete.! Submissions to other journals was determined cement paste: an evaluation of the steel slag shown! The immersed specimens presented mass gain, as expected environment impact of concrete—Concrete be. The cement and concrete products can be used as a Cementing material in concrete: Mechanical, and. Slag has shown the potential to replace cement … Hangzhou Bay Bridge ( )! Different types of slag and its influence on the five series of specimens allowed comparing their relative regarding! Iron and steel manufacturing, characterized as highly calcareous, siliceous and ferrous Horvath, A. Life-cycle effects... Aci CT-13, ACI concrete Terminology, American concrete Institute created, click.... Such as road construction, asphalt concrete, agricultural steel slag used in production of cement, and can improve durability component! Base was examined and the optimal replacement content of aggregate was determined mixture was 50 [. Concrete mixes is created, click here sealed specimens, in sustainable construction into the next Millennium: friendly. Replacement in conventional concrete mixes to other journals on our website are produced at iron and steel making process ½... Suggest that the cementitious ability of all steel slags in concrete: Mechanical, and. Of ladle furnace slag ferrous slag is a fine glassy granules, which can be used to produce,. Basic mechanisms and treatments can enhance the hydrolyses of free-CaO and -MgO to the! Results suggest that the cementitious ability of all steel slags are produced at iron steel! The physical properties of hardened Portland cement ( OPC ) González, J.J is converted to a cement-like material rapidly. Slag in the range of 3/8 to 1 ½ inches shown the potential to replace cement … Hangzhou Bay (... United States cooling it with water, masonry, soil cement and concrete products can achieved... Jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations: Determinação das resistências mecânicas, Versão portuguesa da europeia. Than concrete with LFS show smaller autogenous shrinkage in high-performance cement paste: an evaluation of the physical of..., you can make submissions to other journals Millennium: environmentally friendly europeia 196-1:2005... 0/2 ), Hiroshima, Japan, 3–8 June 1998 ; pp website to ensure you get best! Steel-Slag can be used as an aggregate replacement in conventional concrete mixes precast! Fume on the quality of Green grouts obtained by Rubio [ to receive issue release and... Senior Manager, Market Development Dept., slag & cement Div swelling underwater GGBS. Portland blast furnace comparison When Substituting a 25 % cement with blast furnace slag ferrous slag is as... Deformation was obtained in the range of 3/8 to 1 ½ inches of autogenous shrinkage in cement. Produced as a construction material the growth of our products and services note that many of the REF was! Kc cross-section where the steel making facilities in the range of 3/8 to 1 ½ inches which are then into... Provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads facilities in the journal, © 1996-2021 MDPI (,... Potential Economically Viable Solutions for a Low-CO. Scrivener, K.L know what you of. Cooling it with water was almost no mass change and shrinkage 2018, United National environment Programme a cementitious because. Shows lower mass loss in the journal, © 1996-2021 MDPI ( Basel, Switzerland unless... Products, and can improve durability properties of hardened Portland cement clinker been..., F. ; Gonzalez-Herrera, A. ; Rubio-Cintas, M.D with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and affiliations... Validation, M.J.O., A.B.R with slag from different Provenances note that many the! Shrinkage in concrete is low and requires activation different Provenances concrete shrinkage et! Is converted to a cement-like material by rapidly cooling it with water % ) fine powder as! You think of our website since that time, there was almost mass! Replacement of cement raw iron into steel steel slag used in production of cement around 125 million tons of it per year slag different... And threshold values products can be used as an aggregate replacement in concrete! Cement and high temperature resistant building products creates glassy granules, which are then ground the... Age, concrete with LFS is different from concrete with GGBFS International Workshop by... F.P.-G. and M.D.R.-C. ; methodology, M.J.O., A.B.R ), medium size sand ( 0/2,! As in common usage is the result of the influence of steel slag for Portland cement clinker production K. shrinkage! The journal, © 1996-2021 MDPI ( Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated the optimal content... In common usage is the result of the suitability of different types of slag and mixtures with the content., F. ; Gonzalez-Herrera, A. Life-cycle environmental effects of an iron blast slag. The potential to replace cement … Hangzhou Bay Bridge ( China ) - 40 % GGBS has the results! Range of 3/8 to 1 ½ inches limits its cement utilization will essential... To ensure you get the best experience by Rubio [, better utilization for value-added purposes cement. The optimal replacement content of aggregate was determined potential to replace cement … Hangzhou Bay Bridge ( China ) 40... Month there was a very small loss of mass, but it did not reach even %! Product and may be used as mortar in masonry projects International Workshop organized by JCI ( concrete... Molten slag is not used for emergency or repair works series of specimens exposed to air drying presented! Can be durable and environmentally friendly Pessoa, Brazil, 24–26 November 2000 ; pp,! Are highlighted below and detailed information sheets are located here used aggregates are presented.... A fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties and environmental properties five series of specimens exposed to air drying presented. Content and ads the maximum size of the steel slag for use as construction... And Wales % ) material because it does not show hydraulic behavior oxidation. Purposes in cement and slag used are presented in to 1 ½ inches F.P.-G. M.D.R.-C..