The steel slag contains higher amount of iron and its physical LD slag also contains phosphorous in the form of P2O5. <> Steel slag can be used as a soil neutralizer for highly acidic soils in areas such as Eastern India; it’s use as a fertilizer has also been well-established Steel slag has a longer life and durability than natural aggregates when used as rail ballast, thus helping save maintenance costs India: The Ministry of Steel has asked that the Ministry of Agriculture examine using slag from steel and iron production as a fertilizer. Munn, D. A., Comparison of steel industry slags with traditional ag limestone on corn and turf crops. <> stream The second landfill (slag 2) contains an estimated 30.000 tonnes of slag, which has not been exploited till now. stream Steel slag has been successfully used as a substitute for limestone to neutralize soil acidity in agricultural soils for many years, and research has shown slag use to be comparable to or superior to limestone in some cases. x�3R��2�35W(�*T0P�R0T(�Y@���@QC= P A�J��� �1Vp�W� endobj The molten mixture is collected from ladle, cooled and pulverized in to granular fertilizer. <> Steel slag will have a higher soluble salt content than limestone because of the content of CaO and MgO, which react with water to form Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2. On the other hand, steel slag can be used as construction material, pavement material and engineering material. Although the construction industry does use some slag as an aggregate, most is simply discarded. stream As a result of growing environmental awareness, iron and steel slag is highly regarded as a recycled material that can reduce impacts on the environment due to its resource-conservation and energy-saving effects. � ��� This is in natural range and show a positive effect on mustard and wheat seedling growth. EOSC’97: 2. Nowadays, about 87 wt% of ferrous slag produced in Europe is used for building purposes. Under reducing conditions, through a process involving a chemical reduction and a precipitation, Cr(VI) converts  to Cr(III) that is insoluble. Shen, D. H., Wu, C. M., and Du, J. C., Laboratory investigation of basic oxygen furnace slag for substitution of aggregate in porous asphalt mixture. /Contents 28 0 R>> endstream endobj Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences. It can be directly taken in to sintering, ironmaking and steelmaking as used as flux, from which the useful elements can be recovered (Shakhpazov and Svyazhin, 1997). In developed countries such as Germany, USA, France and Japan, converter slag is used to produce siliceous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and micronutrient fertilizer (Wu et al., 2005). Negative effects, resulting from steel slags use, could derive from their heavy metal concentrations, but such metals tend to bound to the slag matrix and thus they are not available for plants. LD steel slag as fertilizer in agriculture. <> stream Slag can be used as a soil conditioner (high content of Ca and Mg), Si supply (improves the crops resistance to pests and diseases), P fertilizer production and micro-nutrients supply. However, the current utilization rate of steel slag in China is only about 21%, which is far behind that of developed countries. Steel slag, an unavoidable by-product in iron and steel production, may soon finds its way into agricultural land as soil nutrient, potentially cutting down India’s dependence on fertiliser imports. It is important that slag application rates be based on the soil acid buffer test (www.nationalslag.org). Basu, G. S., Sharma, R. P., and Dhilon, A.S., Solid waste management in steel plants challenges and opportunities. endstream Arlington, VA 22201. x�3R��2�35W(�*T0P�R0T(�Y@���@QC= P A�J��� �1Up�W� Table 1 summarizes the chemical composition of LD slag (Singh et al., 2013; Das et al., 2007; Waligora et al., 2010), Table 2  depicts the chemical composition and major phases of typical LD slag generated at integrated steel plant in India (Goldring et al., 1997) and Table 3 depicts the characteristics and applications of steel slag (Yi et al., 2012). Disposal of different wastes produced from different Industries is a great problem for any country. x�3R��2�35W(�*T0P�R0T(�Y@���@QC= P A�J��� �14Vp�W� 3. /Contents 36 0 R>> Click here to View table. Environmental concerns about the slags use in agriculture and for land reclamation. <> Depending on the used production technology, the steel slag can be divided into a basic oxygen steel slag, an electric arc furnace slag and a ladle furnace slag (De Brito and Saika, 2013). /Contents 10 0 R>> Now, technicians at our Kryvyi Rih site in Ukraine have been exploring new ways to sell slag as a fertiliser or soil improver. � �^� 44 0 obj Steel slag is a large amount of residual material produced in the process of steel manufacturing. 3 0 obj In general, slag compositions determine the application of the slags. In all steel integrated are using the basic oxygen process or in electric arc furnaces (EAF) for steel production. Agricultural limestone CaCO3or CaMg(CO3)2 has low water solubility and only dissolves by acid attack thus, build up of soluble salts with these materials is not a concern. Steel slag is being extensively used in landfills across the world, and is a viable alternative for use in India Way Forward Since the policy emphasis is increasingly going towards enhancing housing, roads and other infrastructure, the only way forward is to increase the resource base. The major wastes produced in integrated steel plants include BF Iron Slag Steel Melting Shop (SMS) Slag accounting for nearly more than half a ton for each ton of steel produced in ISPs. J. Because blast furnace slag contains fertilizer components CaO, SiO 2, and MgO, it is used in rice cultivation as calcium silicate fertilizer.In addition to these three components, steelmaking slag also contains components such as FeO, MnO, and P 2 O 5, and is used for a broad range of agricultural purposes, including dry field farming and pastures in addition to rice cultivation. Out of this only 25% is being reused in India compared to 70-100% in other countries (Umadevi et al., 2010). <> Blast furnace slag can be used also in agriculture because of its high sorption capacity of phosphorus, which remains into the available form for the plants. 1Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India .2Department of Environment and Sustainability, CSIR- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology-IMMT, Bhubaneswar, India . 109 JULY 2015-132-respect to steelmaking slag, about 100 000 tons are used annually as a raw material for slag silicate fertilizer, byproduct lime fertilizer, slag phosphate fertilizer, and special fertilizers. � ��� x�3R��2�35W(�*T0P�R0T(�Y@���@QC= P A�J��� �1�Pp�W� These, in turn react with the lime or dolomitic lime to form slag. With the rapid growth of industrialization, the available land for dispose of large quantities of metallurgical slag like LD slag at a landfill site is reducing the disposal cost becomes increasingly higher in all over the world respectively. Plants can tolerate up to 4 dS/m, so soluble salts should not be an issue with agricultural applications. Steelmaking slag is officially speci-fied by the Fertilizer Control Law in Japan. The LD slag mainly consists of SiO2, CaO, Fe2O3, FeO, Al2O3, MgO, MnO, P2O5 (Motz et al., 2001). <> No-20) studied feasibility of Granulated Blast Furnace slag (GBFS) for production of high performance concrete. endobj A much better understanding of slags, their specific roles <> In all steel integrated are using the basic oxygen … LD converter steel making slag is one of the important wastes in all integrated steel plant. It can be categorized as carbon steel slag and stainless steel slag according to the type of steel, and as pretreatment slag, Linz-Donawitz (LD) converter slag, electrical arc furnace slag (EAFS), ladle refining slag and casting residue according to the steelmaking process (Meng and Liu, 2000). During the steelmaking process, slags float on top of the molten iron, forming a barrier against oxygen and maintaining the internal … /Contents 48 0 R>> <> endstream endobj Tata Steel IBMD is one of the leading suppliers of GGBS and the product has been used in construction of many iconic structures in India. Current assay assesses the effect of iron and steel industry´s slag, derived from stainless steel, and compares it to limestone as soil acidity corrective and silicon source in coffee plants. Takano, Cyro et al., Recycling of Solid Waste From Integrated Steel Plant: A Sustainable Alternative. Lime: handling, application and storage. The review covers different aspects by summarizing its use as fertiliser as well as liming agent, its potential use for soils amendment and by paying attention to different technologies and methodologies aiming to improve the quality of the slag, in order to increase its use in agriculture. stream In Europe, USA, Japan, China, Korea, and Hawai steel slag has been utilized in agriculture as a liming material for improving acid soil or as Si source for paddy rice and sugar cane plants. � ��� 48 0 obj endobj Pazhani and Jeyaraj (2010, Ref. India: The Ministry of Steel has asked that the Ministry of Agriculture examine using slag from steel and iron production as a fertilizer. x�3R��2�35W(�*T0P�R0T(�Y@���@QC= P A�J��� �1�Tp�W� Steel slag contains fertilizer components CaO, SiO2, and MgO. stream � � � Date: 30 Jun, (2000). 26 0 obj A consecutive early rice-late rice rotation experiment was conducted to test the impacts of steel slag on soil pH, silicon availability, rice growth and metals-immobilization in paddy soil. The properties of the slag depend on the type of process used to produce the crude steel, the cooling conditions of the slag and the valorisation process. /Contents 22 0 R>> Depending on the iron and steel production process different slag types can be manufactured. endstream Most of the analysis relates to very low MgO content and hence not reflected in EPMA study. Steel slag is a large amount of residual material produced in the process of steel manufacturing. /Contents 20 0 R>> endobj endstream Mench, M., Didier, V., Löffler, M., Gomez, A., and Masson, P., A mimicked in-situ remediation study of metal-contaminated soils with emphasis on cadmium and lead. /Contents 6 0 R>> <> Uses in agriculture – Steelmaking slag has fertilizer components CaO, SiO2, and MgO. <> � ��� endobj 10 0 obj Due to the low market value of fertilisers, the long distances transportation is a limiting factor. Waste footprint to ground lime stone fertilisers are in construction, water treatment, agriculture, cementitious applications and steel slag used in agriculture. The world in road and railway construction and for engineering quenching with water, with a lance transportation is large. Of excess silicon and carbon from iron is achieved through oxidation by adding limestone and coke raw! 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